Important Facts About the Plateosaurus

Significant Facts About the Plateosaurus Plateosaurus was the prototypical prosauropod, the group of little to-medium estimated, once in a while bipedal, plant-eating dinosaurs of the late Triassic and early Jurassic time frames that were indirectly genealogical to the mammoth sauropods and titanosaurs of the later Mesozoic Era. Since such a significant number of its fossils have been uncovered over the spread of Germany and Switzerland, scientistss trust Plateosaurus wandered the fields of western Europe in sizable crowds, actually eating their way over the scene (and remaining admirably off the beaten path of similarly estimated meat-eating dinosaurs like Megalosaurus). The most beneficial Plateosaurus fossil site is a quarry close to the town of Trossingen, operating at a profit Forest, which has yielded the fractional survives from more than 100 people. The most probable clarification is that a Plateosaurus group got buried in profound mud, after a blaze flood or a serious rainstorm, and died one on one another (similarly the La Brea Tar Pits in Los Angeles have yielded various survives from the Saber-Toothed Tiger and the Dire Wolf, which likely stalled out while attempting to cull out effectively soiled prey). Nonetheless, its additionally conceivable that a portion of these people amassed gradually at the fossil site in the wake of suffocating somewhere else and being conveyed to their last resting place by the overarching flows. Highlights One component of Plateosaurus that has caused a commotion among scientistss is the incompletely opposable thumbs on this dinosaurs front hands. We shouldnt accept this as a sign that the (genuinely stupid by current guidelines) Plateosaurus was well en route to developing completely opposable thumbs, which are accepted to have been one of the important antecedents of human insight during the late Pleistocene age. Or maybe, its probable that Plateosaurus and different prosauropods advanced this component so as to more readily get a handle on the leaves or little parts of trees, and, missing some other ecological weights, it wouldnt have built up any further after some time. This assumed conduct likewise clarifies Plateosaurus propensity for once in a while remaining on its two rear legs, which would have empowered it to arrive at higher and more delicious vegetation. Grouping Like most dinosaurs found and named in the mid-nineteenth century, Plateosaurus has created a decent measure of disarray. Since this was the first prosauropod ever to be distinguished, scientistss made some hard memories making sense of how to arrange Plateosaurus: one striking position, Hermann von Meyer, imagined another family called platypodes (overwhelming feet), to which he alloted the plant-eating Plateosaurus as well as the flesh eating Megalosaurus too! It wasnt until the revelation of extra prosauropod genera, as Sellosaurus and Unaysaurus, that issues were pretty much sifted through, and Plateosaurus was perceived as an early saurischian dinosaur. (Its not clear what Plateosaurus, Greek for level reptile, should mean; it might allude to the straightened bones of the first sort example.)

Leadership management assignment 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Administration the executives task 1 - Essay Example This is in accordance with the company’s enrollment approach to assist them with getting the most qualified at moderate compensation (Luecke 2003). This is subsequently done to guarantee that the chose individual to fill the situation of the chief is the best over the area. They got a few applications for the situation of the overseeing executive; the gathering experienced a thorough enrollment process lastly was left with a person to haggle with their beginning pay at work. The staying individual was from Mexico. In the arrangement procedure diverse exchange aptitudes were laid out that came about into an effective with a couple of cases of failing. Its Human asset administrator spoke to the organization on the pay arrangement table while the opposite side was the person whose beginning compensation was to be arranged (Jacks 2011). Individual Position Character A Human asset Manager He is an exceptionally Sociable, Extrovert and majority rule B Newly enlisted representative A lso very outgoing, cordial, well mannered, and profoundly cognizant For new workers of some random firm it is ordinarily sheltered to haggle for higher beginning pay rates before tolerating the proposition for employment in light of the fact that after this the new worker will be exposed to the typical compensation increment installment plans of the organization, which relies upon unprecedented execution (Young 1975). The newcomer accordingly expected to haggle for a more significant salary than what they used to gain in their previous position thus the requirement for the exchange aptitudes. The HR supervisor of organization X additionally should be a decent mediator to ensure that they give the organization sensible costs and it is eager to arrange the beginning compensation of the worker all in all. The worker is however considering the alternative of first arranging the essential compensation since given their character they are probably going to be befuddled on the off chance t hat they consolidated the dealings along with those for different advantages. This would be to the inconvenience of the worker if the pre-decided compensation were at that point publicized (Zartman 1978). A â€Å"Hello Mr. F, this is X organization as we talked via telephone, I look you are here to discuss the compensation bundle of the bid for employment that we just shortlisted you for a few days ago. As per the organization strategy, we would be happy to offer you a compensation bundle of $60,000 yearly in addition to the advantages, which would shift contingent upon a few factors. Would you approve of that?† B :I am keen on the activity yes yet I would wouldn't fret in the event that you offered me a pay bundle of $68,000 every year in addition to the bundles as we would arrange on the off chance that it is at the eventual benefits of the company,† A â€Å"$68,000 isn't even the normal business rate take off alone what we typically begin offering our workers. Be th at as it may, due to your abilities and assumed fitness, we would wouldn't fret offering you a $65,000 bundle yearly and the advantages as it would be arranged. What about that?† B Thank you for your offer and I am absolutely intrigued by the position and Company. Would i be able to hit you up later this evening or before anything else A â€Å"You are generally welcome and exceptionally value the time that you took to introduce yourself for interviews. If it's not too much trouble try conveying tomorrow given that we have to fill the position right away. Anyway, your positive reaction will be profoundly valued. Pleasant time.†

Moderate Drinking and Reduced Risk of Heart Disease :: essays research papers

Liquor use has been broadly considered and recorded, as I have found in my exploration. One article specifically, "Moderate Drinking and Reduced Risk of Heart Disease" by Arthur L. Klatsky, gives off an impression of being a decent source that I will have the option to use in my last research paper. This article will be a decent hotspot for two fundamental reasons: first, Klatsky's article adds as far as anyone is concerned of my examination point, and second, Klatsky gives great proof to his case. Along these lines, Klatsky's article will assist me with composing my last research paper. I gained from this article moderate consumers have the most minimal danger of coronary conduit ailment and passing from cardiovascular malady when contrasted with long lasting teetotalers and substantial consumers. As per Klatsky, liquor has "protective" impacts. It raises the degree of HDL (corridor clearing, high-thickness lipoprotein) cholesterol and brings down the degree of LDL (course stopping up, low-thickness lipoprotein) cholesterol in the circulation system (18). This data about a particular infection and its connection to liquor is the caring I have to compose a decent research paper. What's more, Klatsky works superbly of characterizing "moderate" drinking, a definition that is fundamental to the article and to my exploration. He characterizes moderate utilization as a couple of beverages for every day (15). A "drink" rises to one five-ounce glass of wine, twelve ounces of lager, or one and a half ounces of alcohol, all of which contail one a large portion of an ounce of liquor (15). I will utilize Klatsky’s definitions in depicting "moderate" drinking. Klatsky likewise gives sound proof to help his cases. He asserts that moderate consumers are at the most reduced danger of death from cardiovascular illness and refers to an investigation from the American Cancer Society. This nine-year investigation of 490,000 individuals demonstrated a 30-40 percent lower death rate from cardiovascular malady among the individuals who expended one to two beverages for every day (20).

Action Plans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Activity Plans - Essay Example As the gatherings vision recommends, this year we will guarantee that Whirlpool’s Innovation Group get an appropriate name by guaranteeing that Whirlpool items are the most favored brands in the related home of the not so distant future. We will likewise guarantee that each movement that is being completed in the association is in accordance with the mission by guaranteeing that our items enable our customers in homes over the world. Women and noble men, Whirlpool’s Innovation Group has define different objectives to guarantee that the organization accomplishes its strategic; distinguishing advances focal the associated objectives, coordinating Whirlpool items with the associated home and guaranteeing that new advances make customer’s lives simpler. Furthermore, Whirlpool’s Innovation Group has gone above and beyond creating different corporate endeavors. For example, Whirlpool’s Innovation Group as of late built up an association with colleges (Smart Zones) just as Tech Scouting. To accomplish its different objectives and targets, Whirlpool’s Innovation Group is wanting to build up a nearness at least one Smart Zones for creating associated home advancements for Whirlpool. Furthermore, it is intending to build up an exploring bunch to research advancements in associated homes. Last and not least, the Whirlpool’s Innovation Group is wanting to Leverage Smart Zone nearness to encourage innovation exploring. As I close, permit me to weight on the activity plans, if Whirlpool’s Innovation Group figures out how to adequately actualize these activities plans achievement will be programmed. The quantity of associated will decide the measurement of our activities home our items discharge to the market (Whirlpool Corporation, 2015). Results and Updates Full-Year 2015 Guidance. Recovered from PR Newswire:

Writing Personal Narratives About Literacy in Your Life For Free Essay Samples

Writing Personal Narratives About Literacy in Your Life For Free Essay SamplesThere are many different ways that you can find essays or personal narratives to write for free essay samples. When you get the ideas for your essay, you'll find all sorts of places that will let you do just that.One great resource is through your local library. Many local libraries will have such resources. You may want to check with the information and reference desk to see if they have any free writing sample projects they can let you use for your writing project.You can also research literature related to your topic. Look in the local library for different publications and how to books that address your area of interest. You may be able to borrow these materials for your paper as well.Another great resource is through magazines. There are magazines out there that will publish online stories or write their own original works. Look into some of these sites for your essays or personal narratives.Other ways to get your essay or personal narratives written are through colleges or university classes. You can always ask professors in your courses' for help.Also, local newspapers or online article directories will have writers of all kinds. You can always request for an essay assignment from one of these writing papers. The newspaper or article directories are good sources when it comes to making money with writing.These free essay samples can be used to craft some very powerful pieces for your resume or cover letter. With just a little bit of work you can use these free essay samples to write a personal narrative about literacy in your life for free essay samples.

Is the ACT less coachable than the SAT

The short answer:  No. The long answer: Every now and again, Ill stumble across some tutoring website announcement declaring that because the ACT is a content-based exam, designed to directly measure the kinds of skills that people learn in school, it is much less sensitive to tutoring than the SAT, which is primarily an exam about strategy and how well someone can take the SAT. As someone who has spent a good deal of time both writing and helping people prepare for both exams, Id like to spend a little bit of time debunking that myth. First of all, in response to the idea that the ACT directly tests what students are learning in school, Id like to say that Im not really aware of any high school that teaches punctuation with anywhere near the level of thoroughness its tested on the ACT. Ive worked with numerous students from a particular top-tier NYC private school known, as James Atlas puts it, for its intensely competitive students (whom it requires to take several years of grammar), and not one of them has come close to knowing everything tested on the English portion of the ACT. In fact, some of them have been among the weakest students Ive ever worked with. Ive also worked with kids from tip-top suburban districts who had idea how to use a colon or identify a non-essential clause. It seems to me that the ACT is testing the content that high schools should  be teaching rather than the content they actually are teaching. The fact that the average national ACT score is 21.1 out of 36 seems to testify to that fact. But does tutoring raise scores? Absolutely. Every one of my students who has put in a reasonable, consistent amount of study time has improved markedly in some cases by 10 points. Most people scoring in the mid-high 20s can gain a good five points on English from capable tutoring. Some of the questions are very straightforward, but some of it them are extremely subtle (and tricky) and completely impervious to being answered by ear. As is the case for the SAT, youre almost certain to get certain questions wrong unless you really understand the rules theyre testing. You learn the rules well enough, you get the questions right its usually that simple. As for the Reading Im not going to lie: tutoring ACT Reading can be more challenging than tutoring SAT Reading. The questions are often less predictable, less based on a holistic understanding of the passages, and most people have problems managing their time rather than actually knowing how to work through the questions. But as Ive written about before, ACT time management problems are usually something else in disguise. Many of the skills involved in locating information quickly actually involve logic skills similar to those tested on the SAT how to make reasonable conjectures based on the organization of a passage or paragraph; how to identify important places in a passage based on the presence of particular transitions and punctuation marks; and how to determine the main idea or function of a passage or paragraph from reading key places (e.g. introduction, topic sentences) in the text. Work on the fundamentals enough and you usually see some improvement. My biggest obstacle is convincing students that the ACT actually tests logic skills, even in a roundabout way, when theyve fled the SAT precisely to avoid that kind of thinking. So no, the ACT is in no way less coachable than the SAT, at least on the verbal side of things. It has its own quirks and strategies, but the skills and concepts it tests can be taught just as thoroughly as they can for the SAT. As always, there are no guarantees, but in the hands of a competent tutor, most students should be able to raise their scores by at least a few points.

The Movie Mary And Max, Portrays A Dark And Gloomy World

The movie Mary and Max, portrays a dark and gloomy world of a eight-year old Mary Daisy Dinkle from Australia and fortyfive-year old Max Jerry Horowitz from New York City. Mary, as a result of her lonely life without friends, decides to pick a random person from a ‘brown’ book filled with names and addresses in the United States and writes him a letter. However, does the person on the other side of the globe longs for a letter from an eight-year old girl? Max Horowitz lives a lonely world in the city that never sleeps, New York City. However, the director, Adam Elliot, portrays the city from a totally different perspective. In the beginning of the movie, when there is a shot on the sign of Welcome to New York, it is followed by 3 gunshots†¦show more content†¦Even though, Mary becomes Max’s friend, she causes him many anxiety attacks, as she confronts him with her human behaviour, incomprehensible for Max. Hence, Mary’s need for a friend disrupts a nd intrudes Max’s logical and honest life without emotions and need for people. Max shares with the viewers, that his number one goal is to have a friend, however, this goal was only recommended by his psychiatrist, Bernard Hazelhoff. Therefore, if Max did not visit psychiatrist, who tries to explain to him how to live a ‘normal’ life, on a regular basis, he might not need any friends at all. Additionally, he does not even look for love, and there is no sexual drive in his mind, since he detest when a lady from his Overeaters Anonymous support group tries to flirt with him. Lastly, Max also does not like living in a crowded and loud city like New York, and dreams about living on a silent Moon by himself, without anyone else. However, Mary, a very lonely and young girl, actually needs a real friend. Even though, she shares her incomprehension of the world and her abusive childhood with Max, her personality is not powerful enough to deal with these terrible circumstances. Nonetheless, the fact, that she shares these negative elements of her life with a person like Max, just benefits her, since Max has a good heart and tries his best to help her with her problems. Still, if Mary have contacted any other person, the person might help her more

Social Responsibility And Triple Bottom Line - 1674 Words

Introduction The statement, â€Å"It isn’t enough for a multinational corporation to be socially responsible; they must be a triple bottom line company to meet their ethical obligations,† is a brave statement on the surface. Breaking down and explaining the statement, plus providing insight to social responsibility and triple bottom line, will help to understand the impact of the statement. In addition, the narrative will explore the underlying outcome from social responsibility and triple bottom line, known as wealth redistribution. Breaking It Down A multinational corporation is one that does business in two or more nations around the globe. The statement emphasizes that a global business has to go further than just being socially responsible, in an effort to adhere to its ethical duty. When a company is socially responsible it is practicing the corporate value of giving back to communities, through financial, legal, ethical, and philanthropic support. Moreover, the statement proclaims that it is vital for global organizations to adhere to their ethical duty by being a triple bottom line (TBL) company, assuming that the driving factor of a TBL company is the ability to meet a supposed ethical obligation imposed on them by keeping profits, people, and the planet in mind during all business practices and transactions. Breaking down the statement affords the ability to test the veracity of the declaration with greater knowledge of the hypothetical adherence to ethical obligations.Show MoreRelatedSocial Responsibility And Triple Bottom Line1427 Words   |  6 Pagesfor a multinational corporation to be socially responsible; they must be a triple bottom line company to meet their ethical obligations,† is a brave statement on the surface. Breaking down and explaining the statement, plus providing insight to social responsibility and triple bottom line, will help to understand the impact of the statement. In addition, the underlying outcome from social responsibility and triple bottom line, known as wealth redistribution, will be explored. Breaking It Down A multinationalRead MoreThe Triple Bottom Line Is A Global Authority On Corporate Social Responsibility And Sustainability1005 Words   |  5 PagesHowever, the triple bottom line is a typical concept used often when talking about the subject of sustainability within a business. John Elkinston, a global authority on corporate social responsibility and sustainability coined the phrase for the first time in his book ‘Cannibals with Forks: The Triple Bottom Line of 21st Century Business’, in 1997. His argument was that the methods by which companies measure value should not only include financial bottom line, profit or loss but also a social, economicRead MoreApple Inc. : Ethics, Leadership, Corporate Social Responsibility And Triple Bottom Line Reporting And Globalization1261 Words   |  6 PagesTitle: Apple Inc., and their success with Sustainability, Ethics, Leadership, Corporate Social Responsibility and Triple Bottom Line reporting and Globalization. I. Addressing the needs of its employees. Meeting the needs of the employees and maintaining a profit margin. APPLE priorities health to assure a presentable employee who will create a relationship with the customers assuring them a comfortable work environment and addressing their needs. For example, they are offered with health insurancesRead MoreThe Ethical Standards Of Corporate Social Responsibility1126 Words   |  5 Pagesthe worst company in corporate social responsibility for the fifth consecutive year (Orwell, 2014). Known for its exorbitant executive salaries, â€Å"golden parachutes†, and lavish management perks during the infamous financial bailouts of 2009, AIG still struggles to regain consumer confidence (Orwell, 2014). Multiple corporations grapple with how to meet the ethical standards of corporate social responsibility in today’s global economy. Becoming a triple bottom line company would help a business meetRead MoreSystems Theory and Triple Bottom Line Theory: Analysis1386 Words   |  6 PagesSystems Theory and Triple Bottom Line theory AnalysisCorporati ons should be and could be a major force for resolving environmental and socialconcerns in the 21st century (Banerjee, B, 2003, p. 1). William Ford, Jr., 2004. The following paper will be a two-page analysis on the ways in which Systems Theory and the Triple Bottom Line Theory support each other. According to the article entitled, Theories of Corporate Social Responsibility, the term, Systems Theory, actually involves studying theRead MoreA Lecture On International Sustainable Tourism1218 Words   |  5 PagesTriple Bottom Line During a lecture in International Sustainable Tourism, we discussed the Triple Bottom Line or Triple Bottom Line Reporting, which means expanding the traditional reporting framework to take into account environmental and social performance in addition to financial performance. This framework is becoming an accepted approach for organizations to demonstrate they have strategies for Sustainable Growth. It focuses on decision-making and reporting, which explicitly considers an organization’sRead MoreAnalysis Of Jetblue Airways And British Airways1573 Words   |  7 Pagesutilized concepts , such as corporate social responsibility in relation with triple bottom line, to shift the airline industry into becoming a forward-thinking industry embedding sustainability into their core of business operations to create shared value for business and society. I will define corporate social responsibility and areas of social responsibility in the airline industry at the beginning of the pap er and proceed with how it ties into the bottom line concept. Next, I will give brief examplesRead MoreTriple Bottom Line Model Analysis1743 Words   |  7 Pages Triple Bottom Line [Name] [Institution] Triple Bottom Line Introduction A triple bottom line model never merely quantifies an accomplishment or rather the wellbeing of a company through its conventional monetary bottom line. However, triple bottom line similarly measures social, ethical as well as environment performance of the company. Triple bottom line typically is an incessant process that shall assist the company in concentrating into the performance of a moreRead MoreThe Triple Bottom Line Model1745 Words   |  7 PagesThe Triple Bottom Line Introduction A triple bottom line model never merely quantifies an accomplishment or rather the wellbeing of a company through its conventional monetary bottom line. However, triple bottom line similarly measures social, ethical as well as environment performance of the company. Triple bottom line typically is an incessant process that shall assist the company in concentrating into the performance of a more sustainable business whereas demonstrating to local communities togetherRead MoreInsight Into the Triple Bottom Line1106 Words   |  5 PagesThe notion of the triple bottom line has become fashionable to be applied to management, consultation and investment over the last few years. The trend towards greater transparency and accountability in public reporting is reflected in revealing a more comprehensive performance which includes not only financial factor but also social and environmental ones. Despite the trend, there are still some people in mainstream sectors are to make profit regardles s of environmental and social cost, because they

Banquet at Dunsinane - 695 Words

Banquet at Dunsinane In Macbeth the scene of the banquet at Dunsinane shows the guilt of Macbeth, reveals to us the extent of his madness and marks the suspicion of the Scottish lords. Macbeth shows the audience the extent of his insanity, rouses suspicion from the Scottish lords and contributes to the overarching theme of guilt. Macbeth’s constant shouting at the apparition shows how far gone he is. It marks his lack of self control in the face of his guilt, his fear of being discovered and refusal to come to terms with what he has done. Likewise the lords see this outburst and are clued into Macbeth’s usurping of power by his blaming of others, he makes himself suspicious and tells them of his murdering Banquo. Macbeth’s quilt here develops a theme of guilt in the play Macbeth shows the Scottish lords that he has bodies in his closet by the way he speaks making reference to haunting spirits, trying to shift the blame of his actions onto others and by referencing the murders he has made. In many religions the soul of a body lives on after death and continues the life of the person, Macbeth possibly believing this in his fit of anger at the apparition infront of him says â€Å"†¦ Our monuments/ shall be the maw of Kites† Shakespeare.III.iv.120-121. Kites meaning vultures, scavenge for food by eating dead bodies. An unprotected corpse could be eaten by them and thus the soul would die. Macbeth is haunted by the soul of Banquo, which he would have reason to be haunted by.Show MoreRelatedEffects Of Deception In Macbeth848 Words   |  4 PagesGreat Birnam Wood to high Dunsinane Hill Shall come against him†, this is an example of deception. This also an example of equivocation, as Macbeth interprets it as if the witches meant he will not vanquish until the forest grows all the way up to Dunsinane, which gave him false confidence and led him to think he will remain king for many years to come. However, they knew that Macduff’s army would use the Birnam wood to cover their numbers when advancing up to Dunsinane. Another example of the witchesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Dramatic Use of the Supernatural in Macbeth1013 Words   |  5 Pagesthat everyone is out to get him. This motivates him to meet the witches again who tell Macbeth 3 prophecies: that he should fear Macduff, he cannot be harmed by one born of a woman and that he is secure until Birnan Wood comes to Dunsinane. Throughout the play the witches appear and warn, predict and tempt Macbeth but in the end it was Macbeth who chose to commit all the murders. Apart from the witches, Shakespeare uses the dagger in Act 2 Scene 1 to make useRead MoreMacbeth Headlines868 Words   |  4 Pagesaround his body. The wounds seem to have been inflicted by a small group surrounding him. Banquo’s son was seen travelling with Lord Banquo on the day of the incident, but he has not been seen since. MACBETH NOT FIT TO BE KING? King Macbeth’s banquet in honour of Duncan was interrupted last night, as Macbeth himself began to yell at what seemed to be thin air. According to witnesses, this happened right after the King had paid homage to Banquo, and that his majesty claimed that someone was inRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1416 Words   |  6 PagesMacbeth, renders an accurate depiction of Macbeth as a masculine character, through costuming. Polanski positions the audience to view Macbeth as a product of masculinity. In the accumulation to the famous battle scene, set in the castle of Dunsinane, Macbeth embroidered â€Å"I’ll fight till from my bones my flesh be hack’d.Give me my armour† (5.3.30-32). Within this scene Polanski is viewed as a loyal and vigorous man and gives the audience a visual understanding on the masculinity of the characterRead More Analysis of Two settings in Shakespeare’s Macbeth Essay1451 Words   |  6 Pagesfoulness, and the natural and supernatural. Although the heath is a meeting place for evil and is represented as a grim location through a number of methods, the heath itself is safe. Contrarily, the castles that Macbeth inhabits, both Inverness and Dunsinane, are repeatedly described as safe, secure, and welcoming. These castles, however, are far more dangerous than the heath, acting more as traps than shelter. The notions of fairness and foulness are also re versed at the heath and the castles in theRead More Supernatural in Shakespeares Macbeth - Supernatural Forces Essay example775 Words   |  4 Pagesmurder is committed, Banquo develops suspicions about Macbeth killing Duncan to gain power to the throne.   There is constantly more guilt and fear inside Macbeth and his wife, and they decide to have Banquo killed.   Macbeth and his lady attend a banquet in which the ghost of Banquo appears.   Once the murderer notifies Macbeth that the deed has been done, he observes the ghost of Banquo sitting in his reserved seat. This causes Macbeth to act in a wild manner, making people suspicious of his actionsRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares The Tragedy of Macbeth1576 Words   |  7 Pagesand his son Fleance, who was able to escape the murder unlike his father. After a guest appearance by the ghost of Banquo at a dinner banquet, Macbeth visits the witches. The witches inform Macbeth to beware Macduff, a nobleman opposed to Macbeth’s rule, that he is unable to be harmed by any man born of woman, and that he is safe until Birnam Wood comes to Dunsinane. Macbeth successfully orders the murder of Macduff’s family. Then, Macduff joins forces with one of Duncan’s sons, Malcolm, to invadeRead MoreMacbeth: Witches Influence on Macbeths Decisions1278 Words   |  6 Pagesnot long before Macbeth s own ruthlessness begins to disturb him, greatly. He suffers from troubled sleep, nightmares and loss of appetite, and he is going insane. At a banquet in his castle Macbeth envisions Banquo s ghost and gives a terrified reaction in front of his guests. Also because Macduff does not attend the banquet and flees to England, Macbeth, in anger, decides to have his family murdered. Later in the play Macbeth says to Lady Macbeth, I am in blood / Stepp d in so far, that, shouldRead MoreMacbeth Critique1404 Words   |  6 Pagesthe witches prophecy regarding Banquo that one of his descendants will become king. Macbeth looks at this as a threat to his own position. Unable to undo these thoughts, Macbeth hires two murderers to kill Banquo and his son, Fleance. During the Banquet the murderers contact him and explain that Banquo is dead, but Fleance escaped. Macbeth explains that he is not worried with Fleance. The final action that dooms Macbeth is when he kills Macduffs wife and child. Macbeth goes to the Weird SistersRead Morehoroscope of characters in Macbeth846 Words   |  4 Pagesstubborn because he has a false sense of security. In act 4, scene 1, the witches tell him that he should not fear anything until Great Birnam Wood comes to High Dunsinane Hill. â€Å" Be lion-hearted, proud and do not worry whop hurts, who frets, or where plotters scurry: Macbeth will never be beaten, until Great Birnam Wood comes to Dunsinane Hill† pg 84. The a pparitions are put in words that make him believe that he is invincible and safe. â€Å" Be bloody , bold and resolute laugh to scorn the power of man

Psychological And Psychological Effects Of Drug Addiction...

is associated with them having a feeling of well-being. Psychological Dependence relates to an emotional need for a drug or substance that has no underlying physical need. An example, of psychological dependence would a person who stops smoking, but recovers physically in a short time. For an example of psychological dependence, one would look at the emotional need for nicotine, which is much more difficult to overcome. In the psychological stage of drug addiction, the users continually think they need the nicotine to stay calm, even though there is no physical need (alleydog.com).However, when there is chronic exposure to a substance; physical dependence can manifest itself in the appearance of both physical and psychological symptoms. Addiction is more a behavioral disorder that may or may not also include physical dependence. Physical dependence differs from addiction because it is a physiological state and not a dysfunctional behavioral syndrome. Psychoactive drug is a substance that acts to alter mood, thought, or behavior and is used to manage neuropsychological illness. Psychoactive drug abuses are generally classified within three major categories. These categories are depressants, such as alcohol and opioids; stimulants, such as amphetamines and cocaine; and hallucinogens. A depressant is a chemical compound that manipulates neurotransmission levels, thereby reducing arousal or stimulation in various parts of the brain. Depressants are widely usedShow MoreRelatedDrug Addiction- Physical vs. Psychological1334 Words   |  6 PagesTaylor Drugs and Drug Policy 28 April 2011 Drug Addiction—Physical vs. Psychological   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Research shows that an individual progresses from using drugs/substances, to being addicted to a drug/substance. This relationship with drugs (either legal or illegal) is complex because specific patterns of progression vary greatly from person to person. The causes of drug/substance use seem to be mainly due to external/social influences, for example peer pressure and abuse/addiction—dependenceRead MoreHow The Brain Effects Cocaine Dependent Individuals And Treatment1468 Words   |  6 PagesBrain Effects Cocaine Dependent Individuals and Treatment One of the most addictive substances in the modern society that is increasingly abused is cocaine, which is a drug that generates several problems in the society and today’s health care programs. As a result of the increased use of this drug, users sometime develop cocaine addiction or dependence, which is a condition characterized by an overwhelming psychological desire to use the drug regularly. Despite its associated psychological impactsRead MoreAlcohol And Drug Addiction Among People Of Different Ages861 Words   |  4 PagesAlcohol and drug addiction are two important topics in today’s society. Alcohol and drug addiction affects people of different ages with different backgrounds and ethnicities. There are many researches and studies regarding underlying reasons and roots of these issues. Just as many other addictions, these addictions have psychological, biological, and sociological roots to it. This paper will discuss research findings regarding the main poi nts, roots and underlying reasons of alcohol and drug addictionRead MoreIntroduction . Cannabis Is The Most Commonly Used Illegal1443 Words   |  6 Pagescommonly used illegal drug that is used world wide with an estimation of 125-203 million users in 2009 (Degenhardt Hall 2012). Cannabis misuse causes adverse effects and leads to addiction if consumed continuously ( ). Substance abuse leads to health effects and also becomes expensive for governments hence the need to endeavour to try and sort out issues that affect it ( ). There is clear-cut evidence in the literature which illuminates the physiological aspects and psychological explanations of substanceRead MoreA critical analysis of the concept of addiction with reference to drug misuse1541 Words   |  7 Pagesanalysing the meaning of the term addiction when used in relation to drug misuse, and assess its merits as a concept for defining drug related behaviour. The key factors will be considered as to why people use drugs o n a regular basis and how these factors impact the validity of the overall concept of addiction. Also, I will be looking at what related concepts, such as dependence , imply for our use of addiction as a term to describe regular drug use. The term Addiction is perhaps most commonlyRead MoreConceptualizing Addiction Paper1038 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Conceptualizing Addiction Paper Kristina Lamey May 25, 2015 BSHS/455 David Elkins Conceptualizing Addiction Paper The history of addiction goes back centuries, and unfortunately, there is still a long way to go for people to realize the effects of chemical substances do more harm than good. The difference between drug use and abuse relies heavily on a person’s dependence on the substance. The line between the differences is often very fine. Depending on other factors involvedRead MoreDrug Profile Paper1105 Words   |  5 PagesDrug Profile Paper University of Phoenix PSY/425 March 22th, 2012 Drug Profile Paper This paper will illustrate several aspects of how drugs affect our lives. Addiction philosophies including the psychology and physiology will be explained in an attempt to describe how drugs affect our bodies both physically and mentally. Secondly, different drug categories types will be covered including: stimulants, depressants, narcotics, hallucinogens, and cannabis. Each of these categories has differentRead MoreAddiction: a Three Part Disease1072 Words   |  5 PagesWright, M.A. English 1301-Composition M-W 1:30 pm – 2:50 pm Ricardo Ballinas Addiction: A Three Part Disease October 1st, 2012 Sue Wright Addiction: A Three Part Disease Addiction can be separated into three categories: mind (neurological), body (physical), and spirit (psychological). Within in this breakdown addiction can possibly be explained and properly understood. In order to better understand addiction as a disease as opposed to a moral dilemma it first must be broken down. 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Some examples of licit psychoactive drugs are coffee, alcohol, and tobacco

The Redhead Studies free essay sample

Red-haired people are also reported to bruise more easily, but there is little or no evidence to support the belief that people with red hair have a higher chance than other hair coloured individuals to haemorrhage. (wiki link down below) An similar experiment can be conducted with redheads to asses how different their pain tolerance is in contrast to that of people with other hair colours. It can be hypothesized that people with red hair are perceived and treated differently from people with other hair colours in terms of their pain tolerance.An experiment can be conducted using a group of naturally red-haired individuals versus a control group of other hair coloured individuals and the use of an ethically sound mechanism to trigger pain. The pain triggering mechanism would be wooden clothespin pegs. The independent variables will be the hair colour of the individuals and the dependent variable would be the length of time that the subjects could bear to keep the clothespin on their inner, lower arm. We will write a custom essay sample on The Redhead Studies or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The levels of the independent variables would be the categories of hair colour of the subjects: red hair, blonde hair and brunettes and the levels of the dependent variable would be he number of minutes Hair color stereotyping is well documented in jokes and the psychological literature. Blondes are stereotyped as incompetent, but likeable, while redheads are seen as competent but cold, or often with a fiery temper. Do these stereotypes affect job progression, mobility, and the rise to the corporate suite? To test this question, the hair color of CEOs of the top 500 members of the London Financial Times Stock Exchange (FTE) was analyzed. The chi-square analysis supports the preconceived hair color stereotypes.Do the stereotypes and results point to discrimination in lower organizational ranks? The article discusses the possible implications of these findings as well as areas for further research Interviews were conducted with redheads, and labeling theory is used to analyze their st igmatization in society as well as their perceptions of having red hair. First, using the relativistic stance of labeling theory, red hair is described as a type of deviance. Second, the processes involved in the labeling of redheads are examined, especially in regard to how redheads have personally experienced stereotyping.The stereotypes that redheads perceive to be socially constructed are as follows: hot temper, clownish, weirdness, Irishness, not capable of being in the sun, wild women, wimpy men, and intellectual superiority. Finally, the impact of being negatively labeled and treated in society is considered. Redheads typically receive negative treatment as children, and, as a consequence, redheads experience a lowered self-esteem, feelings of differentness, and a sense of being the center of attention.

Managing Workplace Diversity Business Environment

Question: Discuss about the Managing Workplace Diversity Business Environment. Answer: CA City Department Store areas of diversity policies. The management of workplace diversity is very critical in ensuring the development and maintenance of a business environment that caters to the interests of all people within the organization(Bedi, Lakra, Gupta, 2014). Therefore, there is a need to establish the areas of organization diversity policies. These areas include age, sexuality and gender diversity, disability, linguistic and cultural diversity and organization resources(Al-Lamki, 2005). Similarly, CA City department store has critical areas such as employees diversity to suit sales and product demographics, resources diversity needed in the promotion of the new products and new organization culture which the employees should conform to. CA City Department Store Diversity Policy Review. The present CA diversity policies do not match with the company cultural diversity. The equality and diversity at the workplace are not observed, and therefore all employees are treated in the same way regarding disabilities, religious beliefs, language, ethnicity, age, and gender. Therefore, the new diversity policies should be focused on training employees to facilitate them to market a new range of products both in Europe and Asia. The impact of CA City Department Cultural Diversity on Organization. The organization cultural diversity can impact an organization positively or negatively(Seyed-Mahmoud, 2004). For the CA City Department Store, the present cultural diversity has positive effects on the organization. For example, the current diversity policies have exposed employees to other different workplace cultures which have been very crucial in enhancing their personal growth. Considering that the department store will be entering into the new markets of Asia and Europe it can improves its diversity by acquiring employees with Asian and European ethnicities. Diversity Policy that respects the employees. Commonly, diversity comprises employees background, race, education, organizational function, tenure, cognitive style, personality, ethnic group, gender and race(Greenberg, 2015). Therefore, in the implementation of the diversity policies, the management should ensure all these critical aspects have been put into consideration(Algahtani, 2013). The most successful strategy of ensuring comprehensive diversity policies is through engaging all the stakeholders in the formulation and implementation of the diversity policies. The involvement of all employees in the diversity policy can be achieved through education and training programs, non-discriminatory performance appraisal, mentoring programs and outreach programs such as community-based recruitments, scholarships, and internship programs. This approach will ensure that all the first diversities of each group of employees have been recognized for the implementation of the policies. How to provide feedback and suggestions the efficiency of CA Department Store Diversity Policies. The best way to report results should be by observing the performance of the new diversity policy(Harvey, 2012). This can be reported in in two ways, first, by observing the behavior of the employees at the workplace and arrive at a conclusion whether the diversity policies have been effective. Secondly, the human resource manager can obtain the results from the employees themselves and report the same to the top management. The second method seems more appropriate as the employees may exhibit different behavior when they notice they are being observed than when required to provide their opinions and views about the new diversity policy. Understanding Cultural Diversity in the workplace. Personal culture guides an individual behavior and moral ethics(Hubbard, 2004). On the other side, organization culture entails established norms, values, and beliefs that govern how an organization runs it day to day activities(Naff Kellough, 2003). Therefore, for an individual to suit in the organization culture, the management should establish a culture that incorporates employees personal values. Similarly, my personal culture entails being professional in intertwined within the organization culture. However, upon interacting with other staff members in my department, I have noted that possess extremely different cultures. For example, I noticed that employees like working only during normal working hours. This culture has characterized by the following features; The research culture embraces undertaking tasks and duties only at the time which they have been allocated. Based on this culture people make decisions according to the task ahead of them. The relationship in the workplace are work related, and people become emotional when they are requested to work overtime. This culture is good as it strictly observes time which has been scheduled for each task. Bearing in mind this culture is largely time-based there is no social rules and boundaries applicable to the genders. The research culture respects power as it is confined only during working hours. Therefore, it observes workplace rules and ethics. The relation of the people and the employers is only limited to the workplace. The culture entails professional and direct communication. Working with people of this culture is awesome. This is because the culture is more professional and thus resulting inefficiency in the workplace. How to use Recruitment and Selection Policies to achieve great Workplace Diversity Polices. During recruitment and selection, the Human Resource manager should aim at balancing labor market demographics to ensure increased workplace diversity. Pertaining the age of the workers, employees distribution is relatively balanced, and therefore, the management should observe the same trend during recruitment and selection. On originality of the product to give it an equal representation, the company should reduce the Australian made products and increase both Asian and European made products. To achieve this, the company focus on recruiting more employees of European and Asian origins. Training Need Analysis for the Workplace Diversity Policy. On analysis of the sales of womens wear, there is a big problem pertaining the purchase of the European and Asian made products. Therefore, there is a need to train the sales people dealing with womens wear products to embrace the customers of all diversities irrespective of their countries of origin. On the other side, the sales personnel of menswear has embraced the new workplace diversity policy. Therefore, the company management can use menswear manager as a role model of women's wear manager. How to solve managers conflicts. As a mediator, neither menswear manager nor women's wear manager should win in this scenario(Kwak, 2002). To maintain a neutral position the Human Resource Manager should undertake the women's wear manager through the training of cross-cultural management. On the other side, HR manager should also urge the menswear manager to explain benefits of effective cross-cultural management. Given that the complaint has risen from the women's wear manager, the human resource manager should first strive to trace the cause of the allegations. This should be followed by involving all the parties involved in the allegations to come into final agreement. However, it would be effective to impose punitive measures if some of the parties are found to have violated organizational policies and procedures. How HR Manager can help CA Department staff to improve business through; By making sure that all products are given equal opportunity for all customers irrespective of the origin of the products or the background of the customers. Services should be provided equally to all the customers either Australians, Asians or Europeans. Effective and non-discriminatory customer relationship should be maintained for all customers. CA Department Stores Process of Managing Harassment allegations. The first step entails making the complaint by letting the offender know that the behavior is offensive(CA City Retail Group, 2012). If the offender does not change then, the offended can communicate the same to his or her supervisor. If the issue is not resolved, the offended individual can seek support from another senior manager. Upon receiving complaints, the manager should take the appropriate courses of actions and commence the process of investigating the complaint. If the offender is found guilty, then the possible outcomes should be applied accordingly to reinforce the offender to conform to the desired behavior of the organization. In the case of workplace discrimination or harassment, for example, direct or indirect discrimination or workplace bullying the employees should report the same to the immediate manager. Alternatively, where the manager is involved in inappropriate behavior, the employee should report to the senior management for appropriate measures to be undertaken. How enhance organization workforce diversity to improve companys reputation through; Management is the crucial internal forum that can be used to promote workforce diversity to build company reputation. To achieve this, the company can adopt three aspects that include communication, actions, and accountability. Communication should be maintained throughout workplace diversity policies. Management should be actively seen involved in the workplace diversity. Finally, management should be accountable to the results of workplace diversity. Company customers form the best external forum to promote workforce diversity(Mundy, 2015). The treatment of all customers equally irrespective of their origin will send a message to the public that the company embraces diversity in the workplace. How workforce diversity promote products and services. Workforce diversity facilitates harmonious co-existence of the employees of diverse cultures(Saxena, 2014). On the other side, good diversity policies have some other benefits such as broad service range, increased adaptability, a variety of opinions and viewpoints and effective execution of the tasks. This will make the marketing of the companys new products easier. Alternatively, to reach the consumers of all age brackets the company should consider adopting age diversity while acquiring new products to the anticipated new target markets. Both ethnicity and age diversities will be competitive advantages compared to international players in the same markets. How to continue supporting company workplace diversity. The human resource manager can continue supporting the organization to value workplace diversity by always adhering to the diversity vision and goals. This will be a good example for other employees to emulate. Again, encouragement of fairness within the organization and treating other people how they wish to be treated will be a true indication that the organization should continue valuing workforce diversity. Show interest in learning other peoples cultures, races, and ethnicities to portray that the human resource manager values the diversity exhibited by different employees within the organization. References Algahtani, A. (2013). Diversity in the Corporate Setting. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 4(14), 53-57. Al-Lamki, S. M. (2005). Orientation: The essential ingredient in cross-cultural management. International Journal of Management, 530-568. Bedi, P., Lakra, P., Gupta, E. (2014). Workforce Diversity Management: Biggest Challenge Or Opportunity For 21st Century Organizations. Journal of Business and Management, 16(4), 102-107. CA City Retail Group. (2012). CA City Retail Group Policies and Procedures. Cleveland: Corporate CA City Lane. Greenberg, J. (2015, December 12). Diversity in the Workplace: Benefits, Challenges, and Solutions. Retrieved from AlphaMeasure, Inc: https://www.multiculturaladvantage.com/recruit/diversity/diversity-in-the-workplace-benefits-challenges-solutions.asp Harvey, C. P. (2012). Understanding and Managing Diversity. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. Hubbard, E. (2004). The Diversity Scorecard: Evaluating the Impact of Diversity on Organizational Performance. San Francisco: Elsevier. Kwak, M. (2002). Maximizing Value Through Diversification: Diversifying can be the best way for companies to match their capabilities to the marketplace. MIT Sloan Management Review. Mundy, D. (2015, November 1). How Public Relations Function can take the Lead in a New Generation of Diversity and Inclusion. Retrieved from https://www.instituteforpr.org: https://www.instituteforpr.org/diversity-2-0-public-relations-function-can-take-lead-new-generation-diversity-inclusion-di-initiative/ Naff, K., Kellough, E. (2003). Ensuring Employment Equity: Are Federal Diversity Programs Making a Difference? International Journal of Public Administration, 26(12), 13071336. Saxena, A. (2014). Workforce Diversity: A Key to Improve Productivity. Shaping the Future of Business and Society - Symbiosis Institute of Management Studies (SIMS), 11, 76-85. Seyed-Mahmoud, A. (2004). Managing workforce diversity as an essential resource for improving organizational performance. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 53(6), 521 531.

Night John free essay sample

In the novel Night John it uses descriptive details and shows visual pictures in your mind. Night John’s plot stays on topic with all the characters and events. In the film Night John they added subplots which made the story a lot different. The novel Night John was better than the film. Here are the reasons why the novel was better. Descriptive details in this novel help tremendously by, showing us the pain the slaves have been through. The adjectives they used elaborated the suffering times and their â€Å"Masters† attitude. Visuals in a book paint a picture in one’s mind so we understand the story. In the story it says Delie was stripped and the men bowed their heads to show respect for Delie. The picture in my mind was they were all surrounding Delie in the Spring House, with their sweat dripping down their bodies, and hearing the loud snap as it tears Delie’s skin. We will write a custom essay sample on Night John or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page That one reason why the novel’s better. In successful novels they stay on topic, Night John is one of them. The stories plot was based on teaching Sarny how to read and write by an older slave named Night John. The novel clicked together when the conflicts and events became intriguing. In the film there were unneeded events, which made it confusing. This brings me to my third reason why the novel is better. In the film Night John there were new characters, new events, and new conflicts. The film flowed together but you would never really understand if you didn’t read the book. The film told us that Sarny learned how to read and write by Night John but, progressed by reading love letters from Ms. Waller to the doctor. In the film there were two new characters named Outlaw and Egypt. They had nothing to do with the story and they didn’t even conclude why they were there. In conclusion the novel was better than the film. If you don’t believe me reread all of my reasons.

Writing a Sample of High School Essay

Writing a Sample of High School EssayIf you are interested in writing a high school essay, then you may want to consider a sample of high school essay. While it may not be possible for you to take a first-hand look at an essay before it is due, a sample of high school essay may give you some good ideas. By looking at sample essays, you will gain some tips on how to write a great high school essay. After all, this is one part of the process that many students often overlook.One of the most important aspects of a high school essay is the topic. It is important that the essay is current and true. Students should avoid using topics that are controversial or out of date. Instead, they should base their writing on current events.Students should also find time to learn about a variety of topics, including subjects they do not know much about. By learning the most current topics, students are able to incorporate the information into their essays. When a student is able to include current top ics in their essays, they will be able to retain more information.It is also helpful for students to include examples of situations that they can relate to. By focusing on a situation that they are familiar with, students will be able to gain some insight into the situation. The essay should be based on facts that have actually happened. This will help the student to retain more information.Another part of the high school essay is the format. Many students are able to include their writing without too much difficulty. However, there are those who are unable to write a proper essay, at least not without some help. For this reason, it is a good idea to write a sample of high school essay.Asample of high school essay will give students the ability to look at their own essays and see what others have done well. By looking at other people's work, they will be able to see what areas need improvement. Since so many different essays are required, students should try to take notes and compar e their work to others.Most of all, students should learn from the mistakes they make when writing their essays. They should keep in mind that even the best writers sometimes make mistakes. Students should also keep in mind that by writing a sample of high school essay, they are giving it away for others to see. If this is the case, then they should be prepared to be criticized for their work.By taking a look at a sample of high school essay, students will be able to see where they may have gone wrong. Then, by incorporating the mistakes into their own essays, they will be able to improve on their work. This is a very important process, and it is essential that students are able to successfully complete the task.

Free Essays on Fathers And Sons

Jeff Daley – Western Civilization II – Fathers and Sons Analysis Ivan Turgenev’s â€Å"Fathers and Sons† is a novel that I think gives a good representation of Russia in the mid-nineteenth century. This is not, though, just limited to Russia and to its time period. Many of the themes and elements in this book can easily be related to those of modern times. Through the characters Paul and Bazarov, Turgenev gives the reader 2 main perspectives that were evident in such a time period. Paul represents the aristocrat, who hates modern thinking. Bazarov, on the other hand, is a Nihilist, who doesn’t believe in the principles that were laid down before him. As one is to expect, such varied views were going to cause some sort of tension in the house between the opposites. Throughout the novel, Paul and Bazarov go at it, usually with Paul starting it, Bazarov remaining calm, and Paul finally getting steamed. In chapter 6, Paul and Bazarov have their first â€Å"discussion†, if you will. Paul wants to know where Bazarov stands on the topic of Germans. I feel as though Paul wanted an argument from the start, as he knew that Bazarov was going to take an opposing standpoint to his own. In other chapters, their tension continues to build, and eventually they settle it with a duel. The way that I see it, both of the men were acting immaturely. Bazarov comes off way too pompous in his views. He’s extremely cocky and he has no fear in expressing it. At the same time, though, Paul is almost the same way. He purposely questions Bazarov on politics and what not, trying, basically, to get a rise out of him. Like I said before, their arguments end in Paul getting furious, almost to the point of fighting, while Bazarov remains calm and cool. One of the main reasons of this clash is generational conflict. It is evident in every new generation; the younger ideals don’t appeal to the older generation, as they still believe ... Free Essays on Fathers And Sons Free Essays on Fathers And Sons Jeff Daley – Western Civilization II – Fathers and Sons Analysis Ivan Turgenev’s â€Å"Fathers and Sons† is a novel that I think gives a good representation of Russia in the mid-nineteenth century. This is not, though, just limited to Russia and to its time period. Many of the themes and elements in this book can easily be related to those of modern times. Through the characters Paul and Bazarov, Turgenev gives the reader 2 main perspectives that were evident in such a time period. Paul represents the aristocrat, who hates modern thinking. Bazarov, on the other hand, is a Nihilist, who doesn’t believe in the principles that were laid down before him. As one is to expect, such varied views were going to cause some sort of tension in the house between the opposites. Throughout the novel, Paul and Bazarov go at it, usually with Paul starting it, Bazarov remaining calm, and Paul finally getting steamed. In chapter 6, Paul and Bazarov have their first â€Å"discussion†, if you will. Paul wants to know where Bazarov stands on the topic of Germans. I feel as though Paul wanted an argument from the start, as he knew that Bazarov was going to take an opposing standpoint to his own. In other chapters, their tension continues to build, and eventually they settle it with a duel. The way that I see it, both of the men were acting immaturely. Bazarov comes off way too pompous in his views. He’s extremely cocky and he has no fear in expressing it. At the same time, though, Paul is almost the same way. He purposely questions Bazarov on politics and what not, trying, basically, to get a rise out of him. Like I said before, their arguments end in Paul getting furious, almost to the point of fighting, while Bazarov remains calm and cool. One of the main reasons of this clash is generational conflict. It is evident in every new generation; the younger ideals don’t appeal to the older generation, as they still believe ...

A Study on the Framing Effect of People When Decisions Are Made Through Foreign Language and Native Language

A Study on the Framing Effect of People When Decisions Are Made Through Foreign Language and Native Language A study was carried out to test the framing effect of people after a foreign language and a native language are used to make decisions. A number of participants who spoke specific common native and secondary language were used in the study to determine the effect indicating that this was an experiment that sought to determine how native language and a second language affect decision making. Dependent variables in an experiment refer to the variables that can never be operational in the absence of the others while independent variables refer to the variables that are operational in the absence of the others. Independent variables in this experiment were the language used since one could have made a decision using any language while the dependent variables were the experimental outcomes since any outcome depended on the language used. Random samples of different groups of participants who spoke common native and common foreign languages were selected and their fluency in these languages evaluated. Those that never met the standards required were eliminated from the selected participants to encourage uniformity. Different groups were then presented with two cases in which they were supposed to make a decision favoring one of the cases using both the native and foreign language. And the results were collected basing on the extent to which a decision was made in native language and the extent to which it was made in a foreign language It was discovered that bias in decision making can be eliminated when using an alien dialect. The four experiments conducted indicated that the framing effect tends to disappear when a foreign language is used in making a decision after being presented with choices. It was also discovered that people tend to be risk aversive when advantages are considered and and tend to be risk seeking when there exists cases of losses and when there is a presentation of choices in the native language and the framing manipulation had no effect on them (Shiv, et al, 2005). Additional experiments indicated that evading losses undergoes reductionwhere alien dialect is in usewhen making decisions thus the chances of accepting both hypothetical and real bets are high Critique The experiment is not 100% reliable and valid to the extent that very few random samples were taken to represent the whole population in the globe. There are those people who have almost equal command of native and foreign language and using both languages, they can make similar decisions. Such people were never included in the experiment. The experiment was also conducted in a few parts of the globe thus ignoring most of the other parts when coming up with the conclusion. This means that the findings were never correctly interpreted. Further interpretation and research can be made when almost all parts of the globe are covered to minimize generalization. Ethical safeguards were never fully employed since the beliefs of the people were never fully considered especially when dealing with the cases of making choices regarding bets since there are a number of people who do not believe in such issues thus their decisions get jeopardized. A follow-up study can be used to study the exten t of emotions presented when using a native language and a foreign language. According to CaldwellAycicegi (2009),it can be noted that people are more emotionally attached to their native language thus displaying a higher degree of emotions than when alien dialect is used. However, the results presented were strong since the command and decision making as well as emotions are stronger when using the native language than a foreign language. Therefore, the distance in the attachment of the cognitive self with a foreign language results to the presented findings. Such issues tend to be additional implications of using foreign language over the native language. The problem with the research is that only a small group was used in the study to represent the whole globe where people from all walks of life were never involved in order to come up with the correct decision. The method is better in presenting decisions that are reached when making decisions using a foreign language and native language. It can be noted that a more desired decision that is free of bias can be reached at when alien dialect is used. Brief summary Bias when making decisons can be reduced when a foreign dialect is employed and â€Å"framing effect† tends to disappear in cases where decisions the presentation of decisions is made in an alien dialect (Benjamin, Brown, Shapiro, 2006.avding of losses tends to take place when alien dialect is employed due to the huge cognitive and emotional distance caused by a foreign language. This experiment could have been more desirable if a large part of the global population was used in the experiment instead of using a very small sample to make the decision pertaining to the whole globe. The experiment can be used in making decisions where more desirable decisions that are free of bias are made. Trauma-Informed School Social Work Everyone in a school setting is subject to various forms of pressure, scarce resources and demand. Young people and adults both attend school each with an independent history of trauma that is hard to identify. Therefore, a trauma-informed approach is critical when employed in dealing with students in a school setting. This is because if left unattended, it affects the students’ behavioural, social and academic performance. Various other technical means might not work in cases where trauma is involved leading to traumatization of the student. A study conducted within a period of the year yielded results indicating that 60% of children are subject to violence or abuse (Finkelhor et al, 2009). An assumption that at least every student in a school setting has ever experienced a traumatizing event can be made. Trauma originates from an event that threatens a person’s safety thus making him fear, experience horror or even feel hopeless). Trauma can be as a result of domestic violence, sexual or physical abuse, violence, emotional or physical neglect, betrayal, accidents, life-threatening illness among others (National Child, Traumatic Network, 2013). Traumatic incidences may affect the behaviour, social or even academic performance of a student (Steel and Malchiodi, 2012). Trauma-informed responses become a remedy of the misbehaviours and punishments that may affect the involved student (Blaustein and Kinniburgh, 2010) Adults may be faced with unruly behaviours that originate from the traumatized students. At such a time the efforts of the adults to bring to an end the funny behaviour may not bear fruits which leads to frustration and anger among the involved parties. The trauma-informed approach is critical in opening up new possibilities for change where disciplinary methods are employed in such a way that while teaching the child how to regulate his emotions, safety and empathy are employed. These can be done at the same time since firm discipline and empathy are not mutually exclusive. The administrators, workers as well as teachers areon how to identify and retort to trauma cases. Trauma-informed school is concerned about the recovery and resilience of traumatized students through the implementation of organizational practices, policies and culture that help in the reflection of trauma skills and awareness and thus ensuring student’s security comes first (Ryan, Testa and Zai 2008) The school social workers should, therefore, be involved in teaching the students, school staff and the society in general about what trauma is and how it tends to affect the individuals. They should also be involved in the process of creating a collaborative network that links the parents, school personnel, teachers and the community in general which helps in the creation and monitoring of school policies that ensure the safety of the students from traumatizing experiences. The school social workers are the catalysts for ensuring that a trauma-informed school culture is created to ensure the safety of everyone in the school. This can only be done by mediating the parents, the school staff and the teachers to come up with the best ways to deal with the student’s behaviour and fostering academic achievements in a trauma-informed manner. They should also educate the teachers on how to deal with the students without getting angry or using harsh language. School social workers and the staff should always focus on the child’s cognition as well as the sensory processes that require sensory intervention. Social workers should also be involved in sharing with the students a curriculum that helps in teaching the students how to identify their bodily sensations and emotions helping the students to identify the difference between the past and the present occurrences which allows them to handle each situation differently. Social workers should also b e involved in engaging parents and teachers who might as well be traumatized and helping them deal with such situations and educating them on how to handle students as well as their children. Employing a trauma-informed approach in a school is the best thing that one can do since it takes care of the traumatized students and adults in general. It is necessary for school social workers to intervene and ensure that the approach has been employed and that the students, teachers and the parents have been educated on how to handle traumatizing events which foster behavioural academic and social improvements. Marginalization of School’s Social Workers When the practice of social working began, the social workers acted as the mediators for the students who seemed to be at risk thus acting as a linkage between the homes and the schools (Allen, Washington and Welsh, 1996). Various reforms were seen in the education sector due to the widespread changes that took place in the globe due to industrialization include the compulsory law of school attendance(Phillippo and Blosser, 2013). Therefore, the social workers have for a long time been considered the best means through which student’s problems can be solved. The responsibility of the social workers in schools has been assumed where they have not been involved in making the major decisions in schools. Perpetuated by the consequential practices and shift in the philosophical framework that shapes the responsibilities of the workers, it is evident that marginalization of the of the school’s social workers has taken place for a long time. With the shift in the responsibilities of the social workers, their work has currently been seen as handling mental illnesses in schools rather than addressing the attendance of the students in schools and their changes in behaviors as well as informing their families on the educational requirements and as well as the available community resources (Phillippo and Blosser, 2013). Phillippo and Blosser, (2013) states that the reforms made in the education system in the 1970s which promoted learning among the students with cognitive learning issues as well as physical challenges and advocated for the n ecessity of social workers to schools saw them being the reasonable people who can be charged with the responsibility of taking care of this kind of students. However as they provided the necessary services to the mentally and physically challenged students, their contribution and incidence in the general education system gradually faded D’ Agostino, (2013) concurs with Philippo and Blosser by stating that marginalization has also been exacerbated by the financial constraints for special education where the available capital determines and describes the job done by the social workers and their day to day activities within the school thus limiting their involvement and responsibilities in school affairs. As a result, social workers contribution in the general education has been dismissed since they are only known to deal with the disabled students in the society which is known to be their traditional role thus underestimating their value in the school and the society in general. The occupational profile of social workers is created by â€Å"National Association of Social Workers† (NASW, 2010). It defines the responsibility of the social workers within a school such as conducting home visits, developing plans for treatment, student’s advocacy as well as completion of family and students assessment among other similar roles. There lacks the role of curriculum development and development of leadership activities in the school thus the profession seems to devalue the workers in some way. It is, therefore, necessary for the school administrators and the social workers to come together and redefine the roles and responsibility and contribution to schools and students success (Bye et al, 2009). This would help in eliminating the rift that exists between the social workers and the school guidance and counselling workers in all departments especially in leadership (Altshuler and Webb, 2009) which creates a necessity for their collaboration with the sc hool’s leadership. The social workers must also be versed with self-advocacy which allows to speak to the world and explain the essence of their practices in schools. Social workers have largely contributed to the achievement of the scholars in a school. However unrecognized, their work is unimaginably explicit. There should be a change in the system that defines the roles of the social workers in a school in order to endorse them with the responsibilities that they are supposed to carry out in a school. Apart from their contribution in helping the mentally and psychologically challenged students, they should be allowed to interact with the other students and be involved in school matters to transform the lives of the students and the operations of the school for the better.

Prime Time TV Show - Greys Anatomy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Prime Time TV Show - Greys Anatomy - Assignment Example The basic ideology present in Grey’s Anatomy is a pro-feminist approach. The female doctors outnumber the male doctors nearly in all seasons. The major feminist character of the show is Miranda Bailey played by Chandra Wilson. She is portrayed as a strong and a dedicated doctor who is in one episode doubts her ability as a doctor so in another decides to build a free clinic. (Nicole). Also, the show avoids all stereotype issues especially since it has placed many of the black and Asian doctors in a respectable position in the show (Pierce). Clothes have been used as a symbol to show everybody’s position and personality in the hospital. While all the hospitals have one coloured uniform for every employee, in Grey’s Anatomy the situation is quite different. The interns wear light blue while surgical attending wears dark blue, doctors in nursery wear purple and OB-GYN wear pink while all the nurses wear light green which doesn’t bring them out in the mainstream as they rarely play any major role. Apart from this in several places food has been used as a symbol to identify the relationship status. For instance, Meredith doesn’t eat at Thanksgiving because of her troubled relationship with Derek and Izzy bakes excessively each time she is upset. While Grey’s anatomy enjoys appraisal by many it is also criticized for being a non-reality show. When questioned by doctors they laugh at the show saying an intern having a relationship with an attending is almost impossible and the part where Izzie puts her patient into danger by cutting the wire connected to his heart to make him sicker so he ends up having a heart transplant is a bit farfetched. Especially when the patient dies and Izzie doesn’t even get terminated. Another reality which was highly miss-presented was when Meredith rises from the death and ten seconds later starts talking to Derek (Frey).   Some of the popular Grey’s Anatomy sponsors were DatingDirect.com and Alpen bar, Weetabix's cereal snack and Volkswagen Polo.     

Animal Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Animal - Research Paper Example Among the tests done on animals are the pharmaceutical testing which involves testing the mode of action of new drugs on animals before it is utilized by human being. The paper seeks to oppose the use of animals in scientific experiments. Animal just like human beings have rights. By understanding the rights of animals, scientists all over the world will consider other alternative research methods. Organizations have come up with an intention of protecting the rights of animals all over the world yet animals have continued being utilized in thousands of experiments without considering their safety. Some organizations such as the PETA international science consortium (PISC) have been set up with an intention of stopping the continued conduction of experiments on animals. The organization has funded and promoted the research types that utilized non animal methods. The organization has in the long run championed the non animal research methods and declined duplicate testing. The organization has ensured harmonization and global implementation of non animal methods of research. Though scientists have made us believe that sicknesses and diseases will reduce human being population if they end up giving up on using animals in animal researchers, they should also focus on the rights of the animals used and the safety. Many animals have died in experiments and it is time to stop such a n archaic habit and seek for alternatives, such as the non animals experiments. Continuous use of animals has reduced their numbers and some are even becoming extinct. Recent research has also indicated that animal’s body does not resemble the human body and should be continuously utilized in the experiments. Studies have indicated that animal experimenters have wasted human and animal lives with an intention of providing solutions to diseases and illnesses done through research. Animals have contracted diseases in the process and succumbed in the process.

Loyalty in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, The Odyssey by Homer and Do

Loyalty in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, The Odyssey by Homer and Don Quixote by Cervantes This essay has some structural problems. Loyalty is a theme found in many classics. The three classics that are discussed in this paper are _Sir Gawain and the Green Knight_, written by an unknown author, _The Odyssey_ by Homer, and _Don Quixote_, written by Miguel de Cervantes. In all three of the masterpieces loyalty can be traced through the characters action and words. Loyalty is evident in the characters behaviors to one another or maybe through a test they endure. In _The Odyssey_, _Sir Gawain and the Green Knight_, and _Don Quixote_ loyalty is apparent throughout the story. _The Odyssey_ is believed to have been written by Homer and is infused with loyalty throughout the entire epic story. Odysseus is the most faithful, loving, and loyal husband, to Penelope, that any woman could dream of. Odysseus, in the beginning of his description of the trials and tribulations that he has endured, pledged his eternal loyalty to his ever-faithful wife Penelope. ?We are mortal weary and sick at heart/? [if only] now may I see once more/ my hall, my lands, my people before I die!? (Homer 7:233-240). Thought Odysseus did lie with the goddess his loyalty to Penelope held true. The ?Enchantress in her beauty? (Homer 7:274) enslaved the grand Odysseus to her will; yet Odysseus ?in [his] heart [he] never gave consent.? (Homer 7:276) The goddess offered Odysseus a choice, the ?promise [that he] should be/ immortal, [and] youthful, all the days to come? (Homer 7:275-276) or to continue his long continuous voyage to his queen Penelope. Because Odysseus chose to return to his devoted Penelope instead of gaining immortal life he has provided... ...th all my heart and could not bring myself to leave him, no matter how many foolish thing he does.? (Cervantes 2036). Examples of loyalty can be found in many pieces of classic literature such as _Don Quixote_, _The Odyssey_, and _Sir Gawain and the Green Knight_. Many characters in the stories profess their loyalty to other characters. Some of them fail in their loyalty tests while others prevail. I found loyalty to be an underlying theme in all three pieces of literature covered in this paper. The examples provided should prove the theme of loyalty. Bibliography: Cervantes, Miguel. _Don Quixote_. Lawall 1960-2071. Homer. _The Odyssey_. Lawall 209-513. Lawall, Sarah and Maynard Mack, Eds. _The Norton Anthology of world masterpieces: The Western Traditions_. New York. 1999. _Sir Gawain and the Green Knight_. Lawall 1458-1585.

Marketing the X-Box

Introduction The main aim of this project is to help me understand the marketing process, which is required to launch a new successful product. The new product I will be marketing is the Microsoft X Box. Millions of new products are launched every year worldwide. Most are unsuccessful and are taken off the market after a while. Without marketing a new product is very likely to fail. Microsoft needs to market their products because there is so much choice in the market. Marketing will give Microsoft a better understanding of the market and customers needs and wants. I will be acting as the marketing director within this company. Marketing is basically the management process, which is responsible for identifying potentially profitable products and them selling them to customers. Microsoft is a multi-national successful company with substantial profits and is aiming at a mass market with the X Box rather than a niche market. Microsoft will want to sell to as many places as possible. A marketing plan would help improve the company's performance and increase sales. There's a lot more to marketing than just advertising, marketing involves†¦ > Researching the market and finding out what customers want. > Developing and designing a product that satisfies customers and consumers. > Producing the right amount and to the right quality of the product. > Making sure that the customer is aware of the product and what its about. > Getting the price right so that the product is affordable to customers, but also allows the business to be profitable. > Ensuring that the product is on sale in places convenient to the customers. This can be summed up using a term called the marketing mix or the 4P's, place, product, price and promotion. Place A product is unlikely to be successful if customers find it difficult to purchase. So place is a vital part of the marketing mix. Microsoft needs to consider how to get their products to the customer. Channels of distribution need to be efficient and effective. For a product to sell it must be in the right place at the right time for customers to buy. Microsoft needs to find out where it's convenient for customers to buy the X Box. The X Box is likely to sell more in Electronics Boutique rather than New Look because people go into New Look to buy clothes not games consoles, but people do go into Electronics Boutique to buy computer games or games consoles. I will need to look at: > Where to sell the X Box and why? > Channels of distribution. > Selling to places that wont tarnish the company's good reputation. > Where it's convenient to sell to customers. > Selling to as many places as possible (mass market). > Disadvantages and advantages of selling the X Box in certain places. Product Microsoft have to decide what product or range of products they are going to sell. They also have to decide what quality of product they wish to make and sell, what name to give the product and how it is to be packaged. Another decision is whether to attempt to brand the product. I will have to look at: > The product life cycle and how it could affect the X Box. > Why is the product is called the X Box. > Product range. > Does the product satisfy the needs and wants of the customers? > Research and development of the X Box. > Is Microsoft product orientated or market orientated? > Importance of quality. > Product differentiation. > Disadvantages and advantage of the X Box. Promotion Microsoft needs to decide how best to promote the products they make and sell. The decision involves weighing up the relative cost of each form or promotion and how best to target their customers. They also need to consider the use of advertising agencies. Promotion is all about communicating with potential customers, if the public isn't aware of the X Box then they are not likely to go out and buy it. Microsoft will also have to be careful not to offend potential customers with advertising that discriminates against certain people, e.g. race or gender. When looking at the promotion part of the marketing mix I will have to consider: > Different types of advertising, where to use them, why, the cost and will they be effective. > Different types of promotions, where to use them, why, the cost and will they be effective. > Stages of the product life cycle and how the affect the promotion of the X Box. > Disadvantage and advantage to promotion. Price Price is another element of the marketing mix. Microsoft must decide how to price its product. In making this decision Microsoft has to consider, what are the prices set by competitors, how price can be used to increase sales of the product, whether the price will cover costs of production, whether customers are willing to pay that set price and different pricing strategies such as skimming or penetration pricing. When looking at the price section of the marketing mix I will have to consider a number of things: > Prices set by competitors. > How price can increase or decrease sales. > Does that price cover cost of production? > Are the customers willing to pay that price? > Different pricing strategies such as skimming and penetration. > Disadvantages and advantages to setting that price. If the marketing mix is wrong, for example, the price of the X Box is too high and it is not selling in places convenient to customers, the X Box wont be as successful as it could be. The marketing mix is a vital part of ensuring a new products success, without it the product will fail. Market research is a major part of this project. It can help me to find out the customers needs and wants, which will enable me to create the right marketing mix. The product needs to be affordable, make a profit and to be promoted and sold in the right places. It is also very important that the X Box is aimed at the right segment of the market. The market can be split into different categories: Age Age can be separated into years or stages of life e.g. child, teenager, adult or pensioner. Microsoft mainly targets adults with their existing products. With the X Box Microsoft is likely to target younger people such as teenagers because they are more likely to buy the X Box rather than a pensioner. Gender Different products can be aimed at different genders e.g. make up is aimed at women and beer is aimed at men. Some people could say this is sexist but men are more likely to buy beer than make up. Businesses have to be very careful when advertising to certain genders as not to offend people. Microsoft are likely to aim the X Box more to males rather than females because boy tend to buy games consoles and computer games more than girls. Income/Occupation The population can be segmented according to their salary or occupation. Microsoft mainly targets people with above average income because their products can be slightly expensive, but they have to be careful not to advertise this because people could get offended. Microsoft also has to make sure their product is affordable to as many people as possible but not lower the price too much in case they lose profits. Area The area in which people live can divide the population. People in the northeast of England may have a different lifestyle to people the south of England, therefore their needs and wants will differ. Microsoft will need to promote the X Box in different ways according to location as to satisfy a mass market. Ethnic, cultural and religious groups Businesses need to be careful with the production and promotion of its products when it comes to different religions. If a business decides to produce its products in Asia because of cheap labour, people from Asia could refrain from buying that business' product because they are offended. Equally businesses have to be careful when advertising its products as not to offend people of certain ethnic, cultural or religious groups. Socio – economic groupings One of the most important ways of separating the population is the use of socio-economic groupings. Socio-economic groupings work like this: Social Grade Social Status Head of household's Occupation % of total UK population A Upper Middle Class Higher managerial, administrative or professional such as doctors, lawyers and company directors. 3.5% B Middle Intermediate managerial, administrative or professional such as teachers, nurses and managerial. 12-13% C1 Lower Middle Class Supervisory or clerical and junior managerial administrative or professional such as shop assistants, clerks and police constables. 22% C2 Skilled Working Class Skilled manual workers such as carpenters, cooks and train drivers. 32-33% D Working Class Semi – skilled and unskilled manual workers such as fitters and storekeepers. 19-20% E The Poorest In Society State pensioners or widows, casual or lower grade workers, or long-term unemployed. 10% The Product Life Cycle The Development Stage Products start life in the development stage. This is where the product is designed and also where the majority of the marketing is done. There are no profits at this stage, only costs. Microsoft will have to make up for the money lost in the growth stage of the product life cycle. The Introduction Stage This is the stage where the product is launched. Profits and sales are minimal in this stage, but it doesn't last too long if good advertising is used to make the customers aware of the product. The Growth Stage Sales and profits are increasing rapidly in this stage. Microsoft will have to consider what pricing strategies and promotions to use to keep the X Box in this stage as long as possible. Maturity In the maturity stage, the product reaches a peak in terms of sales. Research and development costs are likely to be paid off. The product could be profitable enough to be financing the development of new products. Saturation Towards the end of the maturity stage the market becomes saturated. Competitors bring out products to try and take sales away. It is likely that Microsoft will not be able to sell any more of the X Box at this point. Decline Eventually a product is likely to go into decline, sales will drop dramatically. Microsoft could try extension strategies at this stage to try and increase sales slightly or they could just withdraw the product from the market. The product life cycle can affect a lot of the marketing mix, for example, which promotions and pricing strategies to use at certain stages in the product life cycle. A Business would like to be in a sellers' market where customers have little choice but to buy from them. In a buyers' market though, business have to be market orientated and the greater is the need for effective marketing. I think Microsoft is in the buyers' market. Although they are a major company with substantial profits, Microsoft still have competition such as smaller software companies. The product ‘X Box' is a slightly different product from what Microsoft usually sells. Microsoft specialises in software and hardware for PC's, the ‘X Box' is a games consol, and so the main competition will be Sony and their Playstation. Although the Playstation is a very successful product it may be entering decline in the product life cycle because the Playstation has been around for a while. When the Sony Playstation started to enter the maturity stage Sony launched a new product the Playstation 2, this would be the ‘X box' main competition. I think Microsoft could afford a very large budget because the company's profits are very large, the fact that they have spent a lot of money developing the product could affect the budget for marketing the product. I estimate that the budget would be somewhere around à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½20 million. I'm going to cover various areas of marketing, which will include†¦ * Analysing the market, finding out what customers want, where best to sell it and find out about the competition and target market. * Market Research, desk research and field research. * The Product, product differentiation, ways of differentiating the product, branding and retailing. * The Product Life Cycle, look at what similar products have gone through in the five main stages. Development, introduction, growth, maturity and saturation, and decline. * Pricing, competition, costs of making, affordability and pricing strategies. * Demand and Supply, what people want, how much they want and what they are willing to pay. * Promotion, advertising packaging, direct mail etc†¦ * Place, channels of distribution. * Retailing, how retailing within the company would affect marketing. * Constraints on Marketing, the law, ethics and the market and pressure groups. They are many disadvantages and advantages of marketing. Disadvantages include things such as, cost and constraints on marketing. Constraints on marketing are ethical considerations, the law (Trade Descriptions Act 1968), codes of practice (Advertising Standards Authority) and pressure groups. Ethical considerations include things such as labour, many multinational companies have been criticised for using workers in the Far East because they are relatively cheap, and the business want to take advantage of the lower costs of production. Nike was once criticised by the press because of the high prices they charge for their goods and the low wages paid to workers and low costs of production. Microsoft will have to ensure that they don't put too much of a profit mark up on the X Box, and also make ensure their workers are treated fairly. Other ethical considerations are the use of promotions and advertising such as the use of images in adverts. Many companies have been attacked by pressure groups because of the content of the adverts they use, such as images of beautiful woman that lure men into buying the product and information included in the adverts. For instance should a washing powder manufacturer claim in an advert that its washing powder ‘washes whiter' than other powders on the market when there is no scientific proof that it does? Should tobacco companies promote their products when they damage peoples health? If people are really shocked by an advert they may consider not buy the products produced by that company, therefore Microsoft will have to be careful when choosing methods of promotion. The law ensures that advertising does not fool the public. The Trade Descriptions Act 1968 states that is illegal for products to be incorrectly described for example Microsoft couldn't advertise the X Box as if it comes with a free TV if it doesn't. The government has encouraged businesses to adopt a code of practice as an alternative to passing laws. Codes of practice are rules, which businesses voluntarily agree to keep, but have no legal status. Advantages of marketing include†¦ Helping the business to get a better understanding of the market, marketing also lets the business to know what price, to set where to sell the product what promotions to use and what the potential customers want from the product. Market research will also tell the company whether there is a demand for the product in question. Marketing will change across different countries because different countries have a different way of life. For instance people in America can afford to pay a lot more for the X Box than people in the poorer parts of Africa and Asia. Market Research Microsoft needs information if they are to make good decisions. They need information about their target market to help them create a successful marketing mix. One way of gaining that information is by carrying out market research. Market research is a cost-effective way of finding out what people believe, think, want, need or do. There are various types of market research. Microsoft needs to decide what market research methods are most likely to give them the information they need. Businesses, which are mainly product, orientated risk spending a large amount of resources launching a product, which proves to be a failure. Researching the market helps reduce the risk. Microsoft should focus research and design effort onto products, which have a chance of success in the market place. When the product is launched a carefully researched product stands less chance of failing. Stages of Market Research Market research will help Microsoft to find answers to questions about the market. * What is the target market for the X Box? * How can Microsoft use the X Box to increase market share? * What is the right price to set that will maximise profits and be affordable to as many people as possible? * What are the right promotions to use that will appeal to Microsoft's target market? * Where's the best place to sell the X Box? * What do customers want and need? * What is the demand for the X Box? * What are existing patterns of sales for other games consoles? I then need to decide what information might help answer the questions, then I need to decide how best to collect this information. The information is then collected and analysed. Finally Microsoft has to make a decision about what to do in the light of the information gained. Desk Research Desk research involves the use of secondary data. This is information that is already available both within and outside the business. Information within the business Microsoft collects information routinely. Invoices for instance will tell them how much they sell and who they are selling to. Information outside the business Businesses can also collect information, which is available from sources outside the business such as: * Internal sources – such as sales invoices, reports and accounts. * Government – published statistics such as consumer spending figures, reports such as monopolies and mergers commission reports. * The Media – reports in newspapers, magazines on radio and on TV. * Trade associations – statistics or reports published by national organisations such as the TUC, the CBI or chambers of commerce or industry associations such as the Engineering Employers Federation. * Research organisations – reports prepared by specialist market research organisations such as Mintel or Mori; articles published in academic journals such as university journals. Field Research Field research involves the collection of primary data, information that no one has yet collected. It is collected specially for the particular piece of research. Primary data is collected through direct investigation, usually through observation, survey or experiment. To help me create my marketing mix I used both secondary and primary research. I collected primary data in the form of a questionnaire that I asked 50 people. I used secondary data from the Internet. I used the Internet to find out about Video Game sales and I found a report by PC Data about home Internet users planing to purchase console or PC games during the 2000 holiday season, and that PC and console gaming is no longer a male-dominated domain. This was very useful research and it helped me a lot when putting together my marketing plan. I didn't find any information from the media or the government because of lack of time. Quantitative and Qualitative Research There are two main types of survey data – quantitative, and qualitative. Quantitative Quantitative research provides numerical data. At the completion of a quantitative project it is possible to say (for example) what proportion or percentage of the population fall into different groups – those that want something, those that would be likely to buy something, those that are in favour of a particular policy or plan, etc. The essence of quantitative research is that every respondent is asked the same series of questions. Quantitative research can be done in various ways: By face-to-face interviewing, either in the street or, for more complex projects, in people's homes. This was the traditional approach to data collection, and remains important. In-home work is particularly suitable for lengthy interviews, or for some sensitive subjects. The understanding that can be established between the interviewer and the person being interviewed (the respondent) can help to ensure that detailed and thorough information is obtained. By telephone. This is a fast-growing form of data collection, is somewhat less expensive per interview than face-to-face, and can provide data more quickly – in some cases, overnight. Telephone research would rarely be suitable for lengthy interviews, but it can be ideal for smaller-scale, fast turn-round projects both amongst the public and for business research. Both face-to-face and telephone research involve the most basic form of data gathering, talking to people. There is one other form of quantitative data collection that should be mentioned – postal and self-completion research, which is the cheapest form of quantitative research, though it can take a relatively long time to gather data by post. Self-completion questionnaires can be handed out, for example, at exhibitions, on aircraft, or in town centres, to get peopleà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s views. Self-completion questionnaires must be kept simple and the researcher has little control over whom, or how many people, return the form. Another form of quantitative research is omnibus surveys. These are useful for those with small budgets and relatively few questions to ask. Qualitative Research Qualitative research, though it cannot provide numerical data, provides understanding of how or why things are as they are. It can be used on its own or to help in the development of a questionnaire for a quantitative study. There is no fixed set of questions and therefore no assumptions about what is, or is not, important. Instead there is a list of topics, problems, or possibilities to be explored. The form and nature of the discussion is heavily influenced by the informants' own concerns or assumptions. Qualitative research is the way in which typical or relevant peoples' attitudes and beliefs can be explored, and ideas can be generated. It can be used for everything from testing reaction to a potential new advertising campaign, to exploring staff attitudes to a new management structure or procedure. There are various sorts of qualitative research, including the following. * Unstructured interviews with a single informant, based on a framework of themes and topics. The interview is adapted to the individual, and the interviewer feeds off and responds to the respondents' replies. * Focus groups (or group discussions) involve a similar approach but bring together a number of relevant people – typically about eight – and therefore benefit from the interaction between the different personalities and experiences in the group. I used quantitative research because I needed to find information quickly and easily, I think qualitative research would have been a lot more time consuming and will have used a lot of resources. I decided the best way to collect information about the market was to use a survey. A survey can't ask customers for their opinion. Only a fraction or sample of customers can be surveyed. To be useful, the sample chosen must be a representation of all consumers. In a random sample, every potential respondent has an equal chance of being chosen. Random numbers can be used to do this or it could be done by ‘picking people out of a hat'. It is often quite difficult to construct a truly random sample. So a cheaper and quicker method is to use systematic sample. This is where every 100th or 1000th person on a list such as the telephone book is chosen. A systematic sample is not truly random though and therefore the results may be less reliable. In a quota sample, the sample is broken down or stratified. One problem with a quota sample is that any people who fit the description can be asked to complete the survey. So Microsoft wanting to find 50 people aged 13 – 30 to complete a survey could ask the first 50 13 – 30 year olds who came out of Electronics Boutique in Bedford. This may not be very representative of all 13 – 30 years olds nationally. A stratified random sample may get round this problem. It is a quota sample where all the respondents, the people being interviewed, must be chosen at random. Microsoft would have to find some way of selecting people aged 13 – 30 through pure chance. I used a quota sample, I asked 50 people in Electronics Boutique my questionnaire. I used Electronics Boutique because a lot of people go in there to buy game consoles and other computer related products, and asking this people would give me a good idea of the target market. I think my data is quite reliable because the people I asked my questionnaire to are the people that are most likely to buy Microsoft's products. Price Pricing Strategies The product should be launched in November ready for the Christmas rush. The pricing strategy skimming should be used in the introduction and the growth stage of the product life cycle. Skimming is setting a high price initially and then lowering it later on. This is almost always used for products that incorporate new technology such as new DVD players and PCs. Some people are willing to pay high prices for new technology, the price of the X Box will be set high at first to catch this end of the market. By doing this Microsoft can maximise their profits and cover the costs of developing the X Box. When sales start to slow down Microsoft should lower the price and use a different pricing strategy. To ensure sales keep increasing half way though the growth stage Microsoft should change the pricing strategy from skimming to market orientated. This is where the price charged is based on analysis of the market and its characteristics. Market research might need to be undertaken again at this point to ensure that Microsoft knows what the customers are willing to pay. Market orientated pricing should be used at this point because the top end of the market is likely to be saturated, Microsoft will need to lower the price of the X Box slightly to provide for the people that aren't willing to pay as much. Using market orientated pricing will therefore help keep sales rising and the X Box will appeal to a broader market. When the sales of the X Box are slowing down it could be because of competition. This is when Microsoft will need to use competition based pricing because new games consoles will be being launched and the X Box wont be new technology anymore. Microsoft will need to lower the price a lot to compete with the new technology and keep people interested. Psychological pricing could be used throughout the life cycle. This is when a product is priced at 99p instead of a pound so that the customers automatically think it's cheaper. I don't think Microsoft will need to use cost based pricing with the X Box because Microsoft makes so much money off existing products going into debt wont be a problem. The X Box will soon make up for the research and developing costs in the growth stage of the life cycle. Penetration pricing also isn't appropriate for the X Box because new technology doesn't rise in price as it becomes more popular it starts off at a high price because of the cost of development. Price to be Set In the introduction stage of the life cycle the X Box should be priced at 299, in the growth stage the price should be lowered to about 249, when the market has been saturated the price should be lowered again to 199 and when the product goes into decline it should be priced between 99 and 149. Factors Affecting the Price > Cost of promotions and advertising > Cost of research and development > Customer's needs and wants > Competitors > Demand > Costs of distribution